Thoreau, New Mexico Report

Kaitlyn Willett Thoreau, New Mexico City Report Practically all residents pronounce the town's name like â€Å"thuh-roo† (similar to â€Å"through† or â€Å"threw†) and definitely not like â€Å"thorough† or â€Å"throw. † Thoreau lies along Interstate 40 and the historic U. S. Route 66. The climate in Thoreau is desert, with sparse vegetation typical of the region. Common plants include pinyon pine and juniper trees, sagebrush, tumbleweeds, and some short, sparse grasses. Summers are relatively mild, due to Thoreau's high elevation and persistently low humidity.Cold, persistent, very high winds are common in spring, usually through much of the month of March. Thoreau supports three public schools in the Gallup-McKinley County Public School District. The public school mascot is the hawk, and the school colors are green and gold. In addition to the Navajo traditional beliefs (medicine men and Native American church) the Saint Bonaventure Catholic mis sion and several Protestant denominations are also active in Thoreau, including Baptists, Latter Day Saints (Mormons), Church of Christ, Church of God, and some independent congregations.The Native American culture and history is strong in Thoreau. The Navajo Nation operates a Chapter House here, and many Navajo residents speak their native language. Thoreau is a local trading center for artisans including rug weaving, sand painting, silver making, pottery making, and turquoise jewelry making. Anasazi archaeological sites connecting with Chaco Canyon can be found in and around the town. In Thoreau, there are only 73. 7% American Indians, 13. 3% Hispanic, and 12. 9% White. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,863 people, 532 households, and 405 families. Thoreau is your typical western setting.Hot days, cold nights, and lots of sand. Rattlesnakes and lizards are commonly found just about everywhere so you have to watch your every step. Though it gets pretty hot, the wind there will knock you down. History is all throughout Thoreau. It is home to the Navajo Indians and once to the Pueblos. The Pueblo Indian ruins are found in Chaco canyon and many are still standing. But how did the Navajo make their way to New Mexico? Starting in the spring of 1864, around 9,000 Navajo men, women and children were forced on The Long Walk of over 300 miles to Fort Sumner, New Mexico. It was a failure for a combination of reasons.It was designed to supply water, wood, supplies, and livestock for 4,000–5,000 people; it had one kind of crop failure after another; other tribes and civilians were able to raid the Navajo; and a small group of Apaches had been moved there. In 1868, a treaty was negotiated that allowed the surviving Navajos to return to a reservation that was a portion of their former nation. I bet almost everyone in here has never in their life heard of Thoreau, New Mexico. But though it is not commonly heard of, it is full of history and culture. To the Navaj o Indians to the huge red mountains and cliffs, it is a town worth visiting.

An Outline of Analytical Psychology Essay

Analytical Psychology is the school of depth psychology based on the discoveries and concepts of Carl Gustav Jung. Jung gave the broadest and most comprehensive view of the human psyche yet available. His writings include a fully-developed theory of the structure and dynamics of the psyche in both its conscious and unconscious aspects, a detailed theory of personality types and, most important, a full description of the universal, primordial images deriving from the deepest layers of the unconscious psyche. These primordial images are called archetypes of the collective unconscious. The latter discovery has enabled Jung to describe striking parallels between the unconscious images produced by individuals in dream and vision and the universal motifs found in the religions and mythologies of all ages. The concept of the collective unconscious gives analytical psychology an added dimension in comparison with other schools of psychotherapy. It takes the theory and practice of psychotherapy out of the exclusive realm of psychopathology and relates it to the whole history of the evolution of the human psyche in all its cultural manifestations. See more: outline format for essay The practice of analytical psychology thus becomes not only a therapy for neurosis but also a technique for psychological development applicable to normal and superior individuals. An abstract, theoretical presentation is alien to Jung who always strove to engage the response of the whole man, not just the intellect. This presentation should thus be recognized as no more than a two-dimensional sketch of a three-dimensional reality. Libido: The psychic energy that directs and motivates the personality is called libido. Interest, attention and drive are all expressions of libido. The libido invested in a given item is indicated by how highly it is valued. Libido can be transformed or displaced but not destroyed. If the libido attached to one object disappears, it reappears elsewhere. Libido is the dynamism of the life process manifested in the psychic sphere. The theory of libido is closely connected with the law of opposites. The processes of the psyche depend on a tension and interplay between opposite poles. If one side of a pair of opposites becomes excessively predominant in the personality, it is likely to turn into its contrary. This is called enantiodromia. A one-sided conscious attitude constellates its opposite in the unconscious. See Jung’s essay â€Å"On Psychic Energy† (1). Psychological Types: Analytical psychology distinguishes several psychological types. These refer to innate differences in temperament which cause individuals to perceive and react to life in different fashions. There are two attitude types, the extravert and the introvert. The extravert is characterized by an innate tendency for the libido to flow outwards, connecting the individual with the external world. The extravert naturally and spontaneously gives greatest interest and value to the object – people, things, external accomplishments, etc. He or she will be most comfortable and successful when functioning in the external world and human relationships, and will be restless and ill at ease when alone without diversion. Having little relation to the inner world of subjectivity, the extravert will shun it and tend to depreciate subjective concerns as morbid or selfish. The introvert is characterized by a tendency for the libido to flow inwards connecting him or her with the subjective, inner world of thought, fantasies and feelings. Greatest interest and value is given to the subject – the inner reactions and images. The introvert will function most satisfactorily when free from pressure to adapt to external circumstances. He or she prefers their own company and is reserved or uncomfortable in large groups. Both introvert and extravert have the defects of their strengths and each tends to undervalue the other. To the extravert, the introvert appears self-centered and withholding of himself. To the introvert, the extravert appears shallow, opportunistic and hypocritical. Every individual possesses both tendencies, but one is usually more developed than the other. As a pair of opposites they follow the law of opposites. Thus, an excessive, one-sided emphasis on one attitude is likely to lead to the emergence of its opposite. The opposite, however, because it is undeveloped and undifferentiated, will appear in a negative, crude and unadapted form. Thus the extreme extravert will become a victim of negative inferior introversion in the form of depressions. The extreme introvert is likely to have episodes of compulsive extraversion which are crude, ineffectual and unadapted to outer reality. In addition to attitude types, we also distinguish four function types. The four basic psychological functions are thinking, feeling, sensation and intuition. Thinking is the rational capacity to structure and synthesize discrete data by means of conceptual generalizations. Feeling is the function which determines value. It is the function that values and promotes human relationships. Sensation is that function which perceives and adapts to external reality via the senses. Intuition is defined as perception via the unconscious, that is, the perception of representations or conclusions whose origin is obscure. These four functions arrange themselves into two pairs of opposites: thinking – feeling and sensation – intuition. Although every individual has all four functions potentially at their disposal, in actuality one function is usually more fully developed than the others. This is called the superior function. The one least developed is the one that is most primitive and unconscious – the inferior function. Often a second function will have achieved considerable development which approaches that of the superior function. This is an auxiliary function. Since any one of the four functions may be superior, we have the possibility of four function types: the thinking type, feeling type, sensation type, and intuitive type. The thinking type is found more often in men than in women. The thinking type’s mental life is concerned largely with the creation of intellectual formulae and the fitting of all life experience into these forms. To the degree that the individual is identified with the thinking function and unconscious of the other functions, the thinking will tend to be autocratic and limit the full experience of life. Since feeling will be the inferior function, its values will suffer the most neglect. Human relationships will be quickly sacrificed if they interfere with the ruling formula. The feeling type is found more often in women than in men. The development and sustenance of personal relationships is the major aim. A sensitivity to human needs and a willingness to meet them is its outstanding characteristic. It finds its greatest satisfaction in rapport with others. In its extreme, this function type can be objectionable in its excessive emphasis on personal matters. Since thinking is the inferior function, its capacity for abstract, impersonal judgments will be neglected or denied. Thinking will be accepted only so long as it plays a subservient role to the interests of feeling values. The sensation type is characterized by the excellent adaptation to simple, matter-of-fact reality. He or she is content to relate to life on its most elementary terms without subtlety, reflection or imagination. The sensation type appears stable and earthy but may lack creative spark. Vision and imagination, which could mitigate this earthbound state, are products of intuition, which is the inferior function of this type. The sensation type, in fact, will often depreciate intuitive expressions as unrealistic fantasies and thus be deprived of badly needed leaven at times of mental heaviness. The intuitive type is motivated chiefly be a steady stream of new visions and possibilities, derived from active intuition. The new, the strange and the different are a constant lure. He or she often perceives obscure connections between things which seem separate and unrelated. The intuitive mind works in quick jumps, which is sometimes difficult for others to follow. When asked to proceed more slowly, he or she is apt to become impatient, perhaps considering listeners slow in making connections. This type’s weakness lies in its inferior sensation function. The relationship to reality may be poor. The hard work required to bring a possibility into actuality or to make an intuitive flash generally accepted seems too onerous. He or she may remain misunderstood with insights, which if they are to bear fruit, must be patiently developed by others. The function types are seldom as definite as would appear by these descriptions. Usually the development of an auxiliary function will soften and modify the sharp characteristics here described. In addition, we have a further complication. According to the attitude type, each of the function types may have either an introverted or an extraverted orientation. Ideally, all four functions should be available to the individual in order to have a complete response to life experience. It is one of the goals of Jungian psychotherapy to bring in to consciousness and to aid the development of the inferior undeveloped functions in order to approach psychic wholeness. Many conflicts in human relationships and disputes can be understood through the theory of psychological types. For instance, Jung has explained the difference between the psychological theories of Freud and Adler on this basis. Freud’s theory is concerned chiefly with the individual’s need for and love of the object. Thus it is an extraverted theory. Adler’s theory is based on the individual’s need to maintain his own self-esteem, prestige and power. Adler emphasizes the inner, subjective need; hence his is an introverted theory. Differences in type can underlie difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Marital conflicts are often related to differences in psychological type. Knowledge of one’s own type and of the fact that other equally valid types exist can often help to relativize one’s own personal reactions and can lead to more conscious and fruitful human relationships. (2) Structure of the Psyche: The psyche can be divided into conscious and unconscious aspects. The ego is the center of conscious and the starting point for all empirical psychology. It is the seat of individual identity, and all contents which are conscious, must be connected with it. The unconscious includes all psychic elements which are outside conscious awareness and therefore are not connected with the ego. Contents of the unconscious are first encountered as complexes. A complex is an emotionally charged unconscious psychic entity made up of a number of associated ideas and images clustered around a central core. On investigation, this core is found to be an archetypal image (see below). One recognizes that a complex has been struck by the emergence of an affect which upsets psychic balance and disturbs the customary function of the ego. The ego stands between the inner world and the outer world, and its task is to adapt to both. By its extraverted orientation, it relates itself to external reality. By introversion, it perceives and adapts to inner, subjective reality. The requirement for external adaptation leads to the construction of a psychic structure which mediates between the ego and the external world of society. This mediating structure is called the persona, the Latin word for the ancient actor’s mask. It is the partially calculated public face an individual assumes towards others. The persona is composed of various elements, some based on the individual’s personal propensities and others derived from the society’s expectations and the early training of parents and teachers. The persona is a mediating compromise between individuality and the expectations of others. It is the role one plays in society. It is also a protective covering that shields from public view what is personal, intimate and vulnerable. The characteristic symbol for the persona is the clothes we wear. Dreams involving missing or inappropriate clothes refer to a persona problem. Ideally a persona should be appropriate, well fitting and flexible. It is especially important that the individual realize that he is not identical with his persona. The persona sometimes lends one a prestige and authority belonging to the collective group which is not properly used for personal ends. To identify with the persona can cause inflation and alienation from reality. Other persona disorders include a lack of persona which leaves the individual sensitive and exposed to every social touch, and a too rigid, defensive persona which is a barrier to realistic adaptation. For further discussion of the persona, see (3). Just as the persona stands between the ego and the outer world, so another psychic entity stands between the ego and the inner world of unconscious. This entity is called the shadow. The shadow is a composite of personal characteristics and potentialities of which the individual is unaware. Usually the shadow, as indicated by the word, contains inferior characteristics and weaknesses which the ego’s self-esteem will not permit it to recognize. The shadow may be personified in dreams by such figures as criminals, drunkards and derelicts. Technically it must be of the same sex as the dreamer. As with all unconscious contents, the shadow is first experienced in projection. This means that an unconscious quality of one’s own is first recognized and reacted to when it is discovered in an outer object. So long as the shadow is projected, the individual can hate and condemn freely the weakness and evil seen in others while maintaining a sense of righteousness. Discovery of the shadow as a personal content may, if it is sudden, cause temporary confusion and depression. This will be most likely if the ego’s previous attitude has bee especially inflated. The shadow is the first layer of the unconscious to be encountered in psychological analysis. It is not always a negative content. In many cases unconscious positive potentialities of the personality reside in the shadow. In such cases we speak of a positive shadow. Furthermore, the evil and dangerous aspect of the shadow is often due more to its circumstances than to its essence. Just as animals which have become vicious by starvation and brutal treatment can be changed into loyal companions by loving care, so the shadow loses much of its negative aspect when given conscious acceptance and attention. The problem of the shadow and its projection applies to collective psychology as well. The persecution of the Jews by the Nazis is a terrifying example of the extent to which a collective shadow projection can go. The same psychological mechanism operates in discrimination against other minority groups. For more on the shadow, see (4). The first layer of the unconscious, the shadow, is also called by Jung the personal unconscious, as distinguished from the collective unconscious. The personal unconscious or shadow contains personal contents belonging to the individual himself which can and properly should be made conscious and integrated into the conscious personality and ego. The collective unconscious, on the other hand, is composed of transpersonal, universal contents which cannot be assimilated by the ego. Between these two layers of the unconscious, the personal and the collective, is another entity with, so to speak, one foot on each side. This is the anima in a man and the animus in a woman. The anima is an autonomous psychic content in the male personality which can be described as an inner woman. She is the psychic representation of the contrasexual elements in man and is depicted in symbolic imagery by figures of women ranging from harlot and seductress to divine wisdom and spiritual guide. She is the personification of the feminine principle in man, the principle of Eros, pertaining to love and relatedness. The projection of the anima is responsible for the phenomenon of a man’s â€Å"falling in love. † Too much identification of the ego with the anima causes the man to outwardly manifest feminine qualities. Anima moods or states of anima possession can be recognized by their characteristic features of resentment and emotional withdrawal. Such a condition renders a man psychically paralyzed and impotent. It is most likely to occur in relation to a woman with whom he is emotionally and sexually involved. With full psychological development, the anima leads the man to the full meaning of human relationship and provides him an entrance to the deeper layers of the psyche, the collective unconscious. The animus is the corresponding representative of the masculine contrasexual elements in the psychology of women. It can be expressed in symbolic imagery by a multitude of male figures from frightening, aggressive men threatening rape to divining bringers of light. It is the personification of the masculine principle in women, the principle of Logos, which is the capacity for rationality and consciousness. A woman’s â€Å"falling in love† is likewise due to the projection of the animus. Subjective identification of the ego with the animus causes the woman to lose contact with her feminine nature and to take on more masculine qualities. The animus-possessed woman is more interested in power than in relatedness. As with the man’s anima, the animus is most often activated in relation to an emotionally significant man, especially a man with whom she is sexually involved. Indeed, the anima and animus have a marked affinity for each other. The slightest evidence of one is likely to evoke the other in the partner. With maturity and maximum development, the animus can become a valuable psychic entity enabling the woman to function with objective rationality and, similarly to the anima in a man, opens to her the collective unconscious. Further discussion of anima and animus is in (5) and (6). The collective unconscious, more recently termed objective psyche, is the deepest layer of the unconscious which is ordinarily inaccessible to conscious awareness. Its nature is universal, suprapersonal and non-individual. Its manifestations are experienced as something alien to the ego, numinous or divine. The contents of the collective unconscious are called archetypes and their particular symbolic manifestations, archetypal images. The concept of the archetype has a close relation to the concept of instinct. An instinct is a pattern of behavior which is inborn and characteristic for a certain species. Instincts are discovered by observing the behavior patterns of individual organisms. The instincts are the unknown motivating dynamisms that determine an animal’s behavior on the biological level. An archetype is to the psyche what an instinct is to the body. The existence of archetypes is inferred by the same process as that by which we infer the existence of instincts. Just as instincts common to a species are postulated by observing the uniformities in biological behavior, so archetypes are inferred by observing the uniformities in psychic phenomena. Just as instincts are unknown motivating dynamisms of biological behavior, archetypes are unknown motivating dynamisms of the psyche. Archetypes are the psychic instincts of the human species. Although biological instincts and psychic archetypes have a very close connection, exactly what this connection is we do not know any more than we understand just how the mind and body are connected. Archetypes are perceived and experienced subjectively through certain universal, typical, recurring mythological motifs and images. These archetypal images, symbolically elaborated in various ways, are the basic contents of religions, mythologies, legends and fairy tales of all ages. Such images also emerge from the collective unconscious of individuals through dreams and visions in cases of deep psychological analysis, profound subjective experience or major mental disorder. The experience of encountering an archetypal image has a strong emotional impact which conveys a sense of divine or suprapersonal power transcending the individual ego. Such an experience often transforms the individual and radically alters their outlook on life. Archetypal images are so various and numerous that they defy comprehensive listing. For our purposes, we shall describe four broad categories of archetypal imagery. I. The Archetype of the Great Mother, the personification of the feminine principle, represents the fertile womb out of which all life comes and the darkness of the grave to which it returns. Its fundamental attributes are the capacity to nourish and to devour. It corresponds to mother nature in the primordial swamp – life being constantly spawned and constantly devoured. If the great mother nourishes us, she is good; if she threatens to devour us, she is bad. In psychological terms, the great mother corresponds to the unconscious which can nourish and support the ego or can swallow it up in psychosis or suicide. The positive, creative aspects of the great mother are represented by breast and womb. The negative, destructive aspects appear as the devouring mouth or the vagina dentata. In more abstract symbolism, anything hollow, concave or containing pertains to the great mother. Thus, bodies of water, the earth itself, caves, dwellings, vessels of all kinds are feminine. So also is the box, the coffin and the belly of the monster which swallows up its victims. See Neumann(7). II. The Archetype of the Spiritual Father. As the great mother pertains to nature, matter and earth, the great father archetype pertains to the ream of light and spirit. It is the personification of the masculine principle of consciousness symbolized by the upper solar region of heaven. From this region comes the wind, pneuma, nous, ruach, which has always been the symbol of spirit as opposed to matter. Sun and rain likewise represent the masculine principle as fertilizing forces which impregnate the receptive earth. Images of piercing and penetration such as phallus, knife, spear, arrow and ray all pertain to the spiritual father. Feathers, birds, airplanes and all that refers to flying or height are part of this complex of symbols which emphasizes the upper heavenly realms. In addition, all imagery involving light or illumination pertain to the masculine principle as opposed to the dark earthiness of the great mother. Illumination of the countenance, crowns, halos and dazzling brilliance of all kinds are aspects of masculine solar symbolism. The image of the wise old man as judge, priest, doctor or elder is a human personification of this same archetype. The positive aspect of the spiritual father principle conveys law, order, discipline, rationality, understanding and inspiration. Its negative aspect is that it may lead to alienation from concrete reality causing inflation, a state of spiritual hubris or presumption that generates grandiose thoughts of transcendence and results in the fate of Icarus or Phaeton. III. The Archetype of Transformation pertains to a psychic process of growth, change and transition. It can express itself in many different images with the same underlying core of meaning. Perilous journeys to unknown destinations, exploration of dark places, purposeful descent to the underworld or under the sea or into the belly of a monster to find a hidden treasure are expressions of this archetype. The theme of death and rebirth as well as the symbolism of initiation rites in all of their various forms; the crossing of rivers or waters or chasms and the climbing of mountains; the theme of redemption, salvation or recovery of what has been lost or degraded, wherever it appears in mythological or unconscious symbolism – all of these are expressions of the archetype of transformation. The theme of the birth of the hero or wonder-child also belongs to this archetype. This image expresses the emergence of a new, dynamic content in the personality presaging decisive change and enlargement of consciousness. (8) A rich and complex example of this archetype is provided by the symbolism of medieval alchemy. In alchemy, the psychic transformation process was projected into matter. The goal of the alchemists was to transmute base matter into gold or some other supremely valuable object. The imagery of alchemy derives from the collective unconscious and belongs properly to the psychological process of transformation. (9) IV. The Central Archetype, The Self, expresses psychic wholeness or totality. The Self is defined by Jung as both the center and circumference of the psyche. It incorporates within its paradoxical unity all the opposites embodied in the masculine and feminine archetypes. Since it is a borderline concept referring to an entity which transcends and encompasses the individual ego, we can only allude to it and not encompass it by a definition. As the central archetype is emerging, it often appears as a process of centering or as a process involving the union of opposites. Alchemical symbolism gives us numerous examples of the central archetype as a union of opposites. For example, the philosopher’s stone, one of the goals of the alchemical process, was depicted as resulting from the marriage of the red king and the white queen, or from the union of the sun and moon, or fire and water. The product of such a union is a paradoxical image often described as hermaphroditic. Other images which are used to express the union of opposites are the reconciliation of opposing partisan factions and  the reconciliation of good and evil, God and Satan. The emerging central archetype gives rise to images of the mandala. The term mandala is used to describe the representations of the Self, the archetype of totality. The typical mandala in its simplest form is a quadrated circle combining the elements of a circle with a center plus a square, a cross or some other expression of fourfoldness. Mandalas are found everywhere in all times and places. They seem to represent a basic unifying and integrating principle which lies at the very root of the psyche. Mandalas can be found in the cultural products of all races. A fully developed mandala usually emerges in an individual’s dreams only after a long process of psychological development. It is then experienced as a release from an otherwise irreconcilable conflict and may convey a numinous awareness of life as something ultimately harmonious and meaningful in spite of its apparent contradictions. (10,11) Psychological Development is the progressive emergence and differentiation of the ego or consciousness from the original state of unconsciousness. It is a process which, ideally, continues throughout the lifetime of the individual. In contradistinction to physical development, there is no time at which one can say that full psychic development has been achieved. Although we may distinguish various stages of development for descriptive purposes, actually one stage merges into another in a single fluid continuum. In the early phase, the ego has very little autonomy. It is largely in a state of identification with the objective psyche within and the external world without. It lives in the world of archetypes and makes no clear distinction between inner and outer objects. This primitive state of ego development is called, after L? vy-Bruhl, participation mystique, and is shared by both the primitive and the child. It is a state of magical participation and interpretation between the ego and its surroundings. What is ego and what is non-ego are not distinguished. Inner world and outer world are experienced as a single totality. This primitive state of participation mystique is also evident in the phenomena of mob psychology in  which individual consciousness and responsibility are temporarily eclipsed by identification with a collective dynamism. Jung made no effort to present a systematic theory of psychological development. However, some of his followers, especially Neumann(12), have attempted to fill in this gap. Following Neumann, the stages of psychological development can be described as follows. The first or original state is called the uroboric stage, derived from uroborus, the circular image of the tail-eating serpent. It refers to the original totality and self-containment which is prior to the birth of consciousness. The ego exists only as a latent potentiality in a state of primary identity with the Self or objective psyche. This state is presumed to pertain during the prenatal period and early infancy. The transition between this state and the second stage of development corresponds to the creation of the world for the individual psyche. Thus world creation myths refer to this first decisive event in psychic development – the birth of the ego out of the unconscious. The basic theme of all creation myths is separation. Out of undifferentiated wholeness one element is discriminated from another. It may be expressed as the creation of light – the separation of light from darkness, or as the separation of the world parents – the distinction between masculine and feminine, or the emergence of order out of chaos. In each case the meaning is the same, namely, the birth of consciousness, the capacity to discriminate between opposites. The second stage of psychological development is called the matriarchal phase. Although beginning consciousness has appeared, it is as yet only dim and fitful. The nascent ego is still largely passive and dependent on its uroboric matrix which now takes on the aspect of the great mother. Masculine and feminine elements are not yet clearly differentiated so that the great mother will still be undifferentiated as to sex. To this stage belongs the image of the phallic mother incorporating both masculine and feminine components. Here, the ruling psychic entity is the great mother. The predominant concern will be to seek her nourishment and support and to avoid her destructive, devouring aspect. The father archetype or masculine principle has not yet emerged into separate existence. Mother is still all. The ego has achieved only a precarious separation and is still dependent on the unconscious, which is personified as the great mother. The matriarchal phase is represented mythologically by the imagery of the ancient Near Eastern mother religions, for example, the Cybele-Attis myth. Attis, the son-lover of Cybele, was unfaithful to her. In a frenzy of regret, reflecting his dependent bondage, he was castrated and killed. The matriarchal phase corresponds to the Oedipal phase as described by Freud. However, analytical psychologists interpret incest symbolically rather than literally as was done by Freud. The matriarchal phase is the phase of original incest, symbolically speaking, prior to the emergence of the incest taboo. In the life of the individual, this phase corresponds roughly with the early years of childhood. The third stage is called the patriarchal phase. The transition is characterized by particular themes, images and actions. In an attempt to break free from the matriarchal phase, the feminine with all its attributes is rejected and depreciated. The theme of initiation rituals pertains to this period of transition. The father archetype or masculine principle emerges in full force and claims the allegiance of the individual. Tests, challenges, rules and discipline are set up in opposition to the sympathy and comfortable containment of the great mother. The incest taboo is erected prohibiting regression to the mother-bound state. Once the transition to the patriarchal stage has been accomplished, the archetype of the great father, the masculine spirit principle, determines the values and goals of life. Consciousness, individual responsibility, self-discipline and rationality will be the prevailing values. Everything pertaining to the feminine principle will be repressed, depreciated or subordinated to masculine ends. In childhood development, the patriarchal phase will be particularly evident in the years preceding puberty. The fourth phase is designated the integrative phase. The preceding patriarchal stage has left the individual one-sided and incomplete. The feminine principle, woman and therefore the anima and the unconscious have been repressed and neglected. Another change or transition is thus needed to redeem these neglected psychic eleme.

What Coding Means for Reimbursement in a Physicians Office Essay

What Coding Means for Reimbursement in a Physicians Office - Essay Example This process entails building of patient’s medical records whilst under the care of the practitioners. The medical coders must adhere to the correct procedures of coding to come up with standardized codes, which are recognizable by the insurance companies. Having this information easily identifies the correct codes that are used, which are universal. Proper coding will indeed reduce any events of failure that may result from coding. Buck is of the opinion that medical coding, in this case, is needed to ensure that proper checks are conducted3 and thus to make it easier for the insurance companies to review and assess the patients’ claims. Medical coders ensure that all blood work and diagnostics performed by medical doctors consist of the required coding and are correct and standardized. This relates to the fact that medical coding allows for the use of the correct codes and data and, consequently, effectual review of all claims that are submitted4. The set codes are then used to encode all claims that health insurers receive. In the laboratory, medical coding has played the role of reviewing the tests that medical practitioners prepare to conduct. Through coding, doctors are able to carefully assess the tests and the help of medical coders. Close collaboration between medical coders and doctors makes it easier to double-check the entire process in case of any complications in the paperwork. Additionally, this coding process through team work ensures that there are minimal delays in the payments made whilst in the laboratory. Time is also well spent in this process of review, which is of great use in the medical world. It can be concluded that medical coding is a process that should be undertaken with utmost deference by all medical practitioners if a small number of complications and cases are to be characteristic of any medical facility. All

Electronic Drive Motors used in Naval Vessels Essay

Electronic Drive Motors used in Naval Vessels - Essay Example According to an analysis of various ships conducted by the US Navy, the electric drive propulsion ships utilizes 10 to 25 percent lesser energy as compared to the traditional mechanical drive propulsion ships and thus are very likely to contribute to the Navy’s target of achieving environmental sustainability in consumption of fuel by its vessels and by the naval equipment (Baldwin & Baldwin, 2008). There other advantages of electric drive propulsion system because of being newer in technology it can incorporate in it the latest technology and can easily support the automated system and the various systems on the ship can be easily shifted to electric control and can easily be automated. Electric drive propulsion system can use the new propeller/stem configurations such as the podded propulsor which is very effective in increasing the fuel efficiency of the ships due the improvements in the hydrodynamic efficiency of the ships (Hobart, 1911). The incorporation of the podded pr opulsor system can help in further saving the fuels up to 15 percent. Figure 2 Podded Propulsor [http://accessscience.com/loadBinary.aspx?filename=YB001201FG0030.gif] While incorporating an electric drive system in a naval vessel there are other concerns beside the propulsion of the ship and the electricity required for the control room electrical panels and boards. The guns and other security equipment installed on a naval vessel are also mechanically operated and in order to convert the operation completely into an electric system the mechanical system installed on the ships will also needed to be converted to electric power. One solution is to use an integrated electric drive system with more advanced motor type known as the advanced induction motor AIM. But this type of electric motors can are only sufficient for the most primitive guns such as the DDG-1000 destroyer and cannot be used for the guns and security and combat equipments which require a larger power for their operati on. The other technologies which can be used for powering the larger guns and combat equipment include permanent magnet motor (PMM) and high temperature super conducting synchronous motor (HTS). The conversion technology used should be efficient enough to convert and distribute the shipboard electrical power for the development of a propulsion system with more reliability, survivability and power quality. Permanent Magnet Motor A permanent magnet motor does not have a field winding on the stator frame and thus relies on permanent magnets to provide the magnetic field against which rotor field interacts to produce torque. The commutation under load on large motors can be easily improved by the use of compensating windings in series with the armature. The power consumption of the field winding can be easily eliminated by the use of permanent magnet fields (stators) and thus most of the large motors are dynamo types which utilize stator winding. The various operations on the ship and n aval vessels powered by electrical

(Intro Psychology) Phobias and Addictions (as related to classical and Essay

(Intro Psychology) Phobias and Addictions (as related to classical and operant conditioning) - Essay Example Both phobia and addiction are contrasting psychological disorders. While phobia causes fear due to certain substance, addiction increases dependency of certain substance. In short, phobias and addictions are two emotional difficulties which learning theorists can account for. Phobias and addictions can be better analyzed with respect to classical and operant conditioning in psychology. The theory of â€Å"operant conditioning† was formulated by B.F. Skinner in 1930. â€Å"It is based upon the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. Changes in behavior are the result of an individual's response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment† (Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner), n. d). On the other hand the theory of classical conditioning was put forward by Pavlov which states that certain responses can be developed with the help of certain stimulus. This paper analyses phobias in relation to theory of classical conditioning and addictions in re lation to operant conditioning. Phobias and theory of classical conditioning â€Å"Several types of learning exist. The most basic form is associative learning, i.e., making a new association between events in the environment. There are two forms of associative learning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning†(Classical conditioning, 2008). Pavlov explained his theory of classical conditioning with the help of a dog’s response to meat. ... However, the dog’s mouth filled with saliva immediately after hearing the bell. Pavlov argued that the stimulus (Sound of Bell) produced a response (the saliva). In other words, he proved that certain behaviors can be conditioned with the help of certain stimuli. Phobias can be explained with the help of classical conditioning. For example, suppose a person suffered the attack of a dog once. He can develop the phobia of feeling afraid of dogs from then onwards. It is not necessary that all dogs may attack human. However, the person who suffered the attack of a dog may always watch dogs with fear and concerns because of his previous experience. Addictions and theory of operant conditioning â€Å"Skinner used the term operant to refer to any "active behavior that operates upon the environment to generate consequences† (Wagner, 2009). â€Å"When a particular Stimulus-Response (S-R) pattern is reinforced (rewarded), the individual is conditioned to respond† (Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner), n. d). Skinner argued that certain stimulus can reinforce positive or negative behaviors. Consider a parent tries to wake up his son early in the morning at about 4am for studying his lessons. Initially the child may show some reluctance to wake up and study early in the morning. Also consider the child may be very much interested in having a black coffee early in the morning. If the parent provides him the black coffee after waking him up by 4 am for a period of one week continuously, the child may automatically wake up from the next week onwards asking for the coffee. Here the reward, black coffee has strengthened or reinforced the behavior of waking up and studying early in the morning. Addiction can be better understood with

Design an e-Business System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Design an e-Business System - Essay Example Proper communication remain essential in ensuring the minimisation of errors; hence improvement of the business process. The utilisation of an internet based system for establishing links between salesmen, customers and suppliers remains essential in improvement of the processes. The different stakeholders will access information from a central source, and share information from the same centre. This sharing can effectively improve business processes and increase the company’s market share. Objectives The main purpose of the subsystem remains ensuring quick transfer of information and sharing between various stakeholders. The system aims at improving the business process and increasing efficacy of the process of making sales and manufacturing. Improvement of these processes can result in increased sales owing to the reduced time taken in making orders and delivering supplies. The application of the system objectives can ensure the company sales increase significantly, ensuring the company achieves significant growth. Background Avitz Bike is a UK based manufacturing company which specialises in different types of bikes for different markets globally. While the company experiences a considerably good market share, stiff competition has resulted in reduced market share over the last 5 years. This reduction has been attributed to the duration taken before bikes are delivered to customers. The company relies heavily on sales made through different retailers across the United Kingdom. While the utilisation of retailers has continuously provided sufficient market-share, improvement in the selling process remains inevitable as the company seeks to increase sales. The utilisation of an E-business system seeks to ensure the company reduces the delivery time for most products. This would effectively increase the current sales volume, consequently increasing the market share. The company has adopted the E-business strategy to eliminate the lengthy supply chain, pre sent in the current strategy. Description of the business process The process of receiving orders within the business involves direct communication with retailers, through telephone, electronic data exchange of facsimile. The retailers first make contact with sales managers, to negotiate on different product prices, before making orders to the company. The orders are then subjected to a validation process, which includes verification of various order requirements as stated by the retailer. This validation process results in acceptance or rejection of the order. Following the validation of different orders, required parts can be orders to enhance the assembling of the requested bike. The customer specifications determine how the distributors deliver bikes to various retailers. When utilising process, the company does not make direct contacts with the customers making the process lengthy. The company utilises an information system developed in 1997, built on LAN with Windows NT as the client-server system. The current system contains information regarding customers, suppliers, bikes and other physical attributes of company products. Some of the information contained within the system remains available to specific departments, an aspect which causes delays. Problems and solutions in project that the company is facing The company faces a number of challenges resulting from the current business process and information systems. The biggest problem

Community Engagement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Community Engagement - Research Paper Example Additionally, during the exploration activities, the company ensures that they provide funds to assist in the establishment of projects or in compensation of the ones which are destroyed in the process. One of the notable way through which the companies protect the interest of the local communities is by ensuring that the environment is not negatively affected as well as reduction in the carbon emissions. Thus, the companies undertake Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) whose findings are vital during the consultation process (Community Benefit, 2014). On their part, the communities provide their representatives who engage in consultation with project team leaders and making recommendations. The companies’ philosophy is based on talking to local residents and representatives at all the stages of the exploration process. In its effort to inform the public, Cuadrilla and other companies ensure that they announce the proposed exploration sites. For instance, in January 2014, C uadrilla announced new exploration location in Flyde and currently it is consulting with the local communities about their proposal. Thus, the communities have an opportunity to provide feedback on the company’s proposal. Apart from holding meetings with local associations and interested parties as well as communities, the companies consult with local businesses on a one to one basis. In this way, the companies ensure that the interests of the business communities are taken into consideration while at the same time ensuring the responses are clear and avoid the confusion (Cristina, 2014). UK shale gas companies have also embarked on undertaking public exhibitions whereby large number of people provides ideas that are vital in the formation of the development proposals. Additionally, public exhibitions provide ample opportunity through which the questions from the members of the

Children taking on the parental role in their family how it effects Coursework

Children taking on the parental role in their family how it effects school - Coursework Example This has left children stepping into the boots of their parents and playing their role. This paper seeks to examine the effect of children assuming parental roles in their families and its effect on school. In several countries of the world; it is commonplace to meet with children who are assisting parents in their roles or worse still fending for themselves. Studies carried out in Brazil for instance indicate that there is a considerable number of children who are forced to divide their time between schooling and working at home (Hindman, 2011). This not only affects the children’s growth, it also interferes with their achievement in school. Nevertheless it should be noted that estimating the association between assumption of parental roles and schooling could be complicated since children who help out at home may perform poorly in school. Such poor performance in school could discourage the children and give their families a good reason to even neglect their schoolwork more and instead concentrate on parental roles (Ray, 1999).Deliberate parental practices can assist in teaching and inculcating responsibility to children. Research has shown that children who are taught to take care of themselves or their siblings at an early age tend to be more organized and responsible(Stamps,2014).Every child requires opportunities so as to show that they can be responsible not only for their chores, actions, relationships but also schoolwork (Stamps, 2014). Responsibility requires one to be trusted in making appropriate decisions as well as responding for one’s behaviour. This is why it is important that parents start teaching their children lessons regarding responsibility early enough and must be continued throughout the child’s childhood as well as puberty hood (Damon, 2006). An excellent way of teaching and instilling responsibility is by assignment of parental roles to children. Such tasks should be viewed as opportunities and not

Punishment compare btween islamic law and american law Research Paper

Punishment compare btween islamic law and american law - Research Paper Example es, Landlord/tenant disputes, property disputes, personal injury, tariff violations, additional rate violations, and hate speech under American law (Gardner and Anderson, 2011). B. financial punishment may result from offences like fraudulent dealings, corruption, and mismanagement of public funds, tax evasions, abuse of office, failure to present audited accounts among other financial offences under American law. A. Under the American law, civil punishment comes in form of civil penalties, administrative and individual sanctions, and disposition of property (Cornell University Law School, 2012), revocation of permits and licenses, compensations, suspension of licenses, retrenching offenders, and putting injunctions (Cole and Smith, 2007). I find that there are huge differences between the rendering of civil and financial punishments using the American and Islamic law. I however, hold a higher opinion to punishments based on American

THE bcci, bank of credit comerce, white collar crime Essay

THE bcci, bank of credit comerce, white collar crime - Essay Example But, success was not the only step for BCCI’s fate. Price Waterhouse was asked to carry inquiry in March, 1991. It was 24th June, 1991 when they submitted the Sandstorm Report to Bank of England stating that BCCI had engaged in fraud case. Main capital base to BCCI were virtual oil-rich Arab leaders who acted to be the investor but, in reality they were working as nominees. Bank since its beginning attracted people to deposit their funds by pretending that they have more capital which in reality was not true. It used to use the deposits in order to meet the expenses. Even it forced its own shareholders to participate in this drama. Major actions that resulted into frauds by BCCI were enlisted by New York District Attorney. According to them the important points are: Middle East personalities included their names and funds to BCCI as an investor which in effect turned to be flaw because their funding was based on guaranteed no-risk return instead of actual sponsor at risk. After getting the request from Bank of England, Price Waterhouse presented its report on BCCI known as Sandstorm Report. As per the report, BCCI committed several mistakes and did many unofficial activities that are out of one company’s ethics. Price Waterhouse persons collected records from banks of various countries, reviewed them and interviewed in some cases, finally formed one draft keeping all key points there. During their scrutiny they found that BCCI did not record $600 million of BCCI’s deposit. It first knocked the Price Waterhouse audit persons. Among the other types of frauds described by audit include: manipulation of their account at the time of non-performing loan, fabricated profit, hidden losses, setting up of untrue loans for repurchasing shares, cheating of deposits, unreal transactions and charges, showing nominees as capitalists, illegal repurchasing platform for shareholders, bad investment,

European Cinema Essay Example for Free

European Cinema Essay The characteristics and development of cinema can be initially determined from its dependence on the technological advancements that have contributed to the art. However, despite technology’s major influence in all aspects of filmmaking, cinema from different parts of the world can be identified through the distinctive approaches of filmmakers and screenplay writers. European and American cinematic traditions for instance differ from one another in terms of manner of how the elements are employed. Although there are several similarities between the two traditions, there are distinct elements that characterize European films from American films. Primarily the distinct characteristic of European films incline on the influence of the continent’s history and various social changes in the continent. The European tradition tends to seek lessons from the past to give light to the present. Likewise, European films artistically communicate the present, or the current state of affairs as a portal by which the viewers come into an understanding of past events. American cinema meanwhile as characterized by Hollywood establishes filmmaking as a form of merchandise, in which films are treated as commodity’s produced and manufactured by a particular company. American films tend to appeal to the audience through the use of publicity such as the actors’ popularity and appeal to the public. But more importantly, American cinema has never actually tackled social issues until it was influenced by European filmmaking traditions. Hence, an argument regarding the traditions of both regions emerges; cinema becomes an effective commodity such as the case of Hollywood, or as an art form, as usually practiced in Europe. The aforementioned developments in these two regions of the world therefore represent the framework as to how film connects with the society and how else film functions both as a commercial product and as a piece of art. Primarily, the styles and themes of European cinema following the Second World War have been characterized by several factors. These factors include the director’s creative vision, a particular nation’s perception of its cultural identity, the series of events that brought social awareness to the nations and the political as well as aesthetic departure from conventional techniques that have become cliches. As much as technology influences the quality, substance, and aesthetics of European films, filmmakers remained reflective of the dynamics of society that they represent. The German Expressionist filmmakers for example bring the director’s emotions to the viewers’ sphere through the unrealistic mise-en-scenes which laid the establishment of focus for the film’s artificial constructed look as well as the gestural acting styles of the characters (Forbes Street 2000). However, the geography and varying social belief systems fragment European cinema largely because the locations of countries together with the colorful, yet, violent history suggests produces different social beliefs from cities and nations across Europe. For instance, the height of World War II and the Nazi campaign in Europe saw the production and release of films that promote the regime’s propaganda, anything that had anti-Nazi implications and underlying messages were banned. Given the strangling events during the time, the end of the war and the decline of the National Socialist (Nazi) regime proved to be the turning point for the European cinema as various techniques and visual styles have emerged as a result of the war and the diminished restrictions gave more liberal advantage for filmmakers. One of the products of Europe’s war torn history is the Italian neo-realist movement which entailed the conditions of the working class and the impoverished people in a post war set up. Italian neo-realism is notable for reflecting such realities as filmmakers did not reflect the times through the elements of character, plot, or narrative but through filmmaking techniques like location shoots instead of sophisticated studio shoots and the use of dialogue dubbing instead of the use of high-end audio equipment (Forbes Street 2000). The Polish Film School is another film movement that emerged out of the war. Being influenced by Italy’s neo-realism, the Polish Film School savored the drastic liberal changes in Poland after the war by communicating the difficulties of Poland and her people during the Second World War (Forbes Street 2000). While the Italian neo-realists reflected the socio-economic conditions of people through the technique’s used in making and producing films, the Polish Film School used narratives and plot structures to depict important factors during and after the war such as the role of the resistance group Armia Krajowa after the war and the tragic incidents of the war such as the Nazi concentration camps. The 60s also provided a new phase to European cinema as the French and Czechoslovak New Waves as well as the New German Cinema emerged to artistic prominence. These new artistic styles, while they provide evolutionary techniques for European cinema, provided signature styles of the respective countries. But as much as the styles maintained the cultural identity of the respective countries, the French, German, and Czechoslovakian films, like the Italian neo-realism and the Polish Film School, also utilized low production values such as small budgets but still managed to employ social reflections and representations (Forbes Street 2000).

Different kinds of short story Essay Example for Free

Different kinds of short story Essay As there are varieties of subjects, themes and art, there are various types of a short story. Some of the types are ancient tales, humor, satire, fantasy, biography, education, local color, and history. Lets us have a glimpse on each one of them in this article. 1. Ancient Tales It is the power of the utilization of the ancient form of the tale in the modern short story. Italian writer Giovanni Vergas The She-Wolf (1880), and Chinese writer Yeh Shao-Chuns Mrs. Lis Hair are remarkable examples. 2. Fantasy Fantasy stories are nothing but the fair combination of the old tales tradition and the supernatural details. The fine examples of such stories are British writer John Colliers horror fantasy Bottle Party (1939), Irish author Elizabeth Bowens The Demon Lover (1941), and British author Sakis Tobermory (1911). 3. Humor These types of stories are meant for producing surprise and delight. You will see that the most famous humorous tales and fables were written by the Americans. Mark Twains The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (1865), and Joel Chandler Harriss The Wonderful Tar-Baby Story (1894) are remarkable. There is serious humor in the works of Americans like Eudora Weltys Petrified Man (1939) and Dorothy Parkers The Custard Heart (1939). 4. Satire The main purpose of satire is to attack the evils of society. There are writers who wrote stories of sober satire. Austrian author Arthur Schnitzlers Fate of the Baron (1923), and American Mary McCarthys The Man in the Brooks Brothers Shirt (1941) are known for their somber satire. 5. Education Story Such stories revolve around the education of the main character. The good example is American educator Lionel Trillings Of This Time, of That Place (1944). 6. History History types deal with a life story or historical event. Weltys A Still Moment (a 1943 story about naturalist John James Audubon) is fine example of story dealing with history event. 7. Local Color These types of stories deal with the customs and traditions of rural and small-town life. You can enjoy the local color in the stories of George Washington Cable, Maria Edgeworth, Sarah Orne Jewett, and Mary Wilkins Freeman. These are some of the types you may find in sort story genre. In recent times, stories have more local color, diversities in the representations, making use of dialects, and vernacular impressions. The story writes have been taking somewhat flexibility in writing stories as they wish.

The Impact Of The Industrial Revolution Sociology Essay

The Impact Of The Industrial Revolution Sociology Essay The Industrial Revolution was conceived in Britain during the 1700s and soon after spread to other parts of Europe and to North America in the early 1800s. The industrial revolution had immense effects creating an unprecedented amount of change as well has having great implications on modern society. Where the once meticulous art of making goods and items by hand was the norm, this was quickly replaced with engine manufacturing allowing goods to be produced in large quantities and bringing about the development of factory organization. The emergence of the nuclear family as well as work force diversifications, are all but some of the implications of the industrial revolution. This paper will discuss the impact that the industrial revolution has had on our society by looking at various ways in which our society has been shaped and formed by the long-lasting effects of the industrial revolution which has served as a key to the origins of modern western society. As Harold Perkin observe d, The Industrial Revolution was no mere sequence of changes in industrial techniques and production, but a social revolution with social causes as well as profound social effects (Society for the Study of Labour History,1986:63). Todays large and urbanized cities are a reflection of the mass-migration that took place during the industrial revolution in which people needed to leave their families and communities in order to join the workforce moving from rural areas to urban areas This was further encouraged by government incentives which also led to the centralization of wealth. A dramatic change was therefore seen in the social structure of society. Prior to the industrial revolution Evans observed that life would be lived within limited geographical boundaries, survival itself dependent on the success or failure of the harvest, and the organization of everyday existence dictated by natural light and the seasons (Evans, 2006:46). Moreover, the industrial revolution was unconditionally helpful to the development of the world from the 1800s all the way to the present day. Mass-production led to an abundance of goods. The textile industry improved due to faster manufacturing processes such as coal and steam pow er and other new machinery that led to an increase in the production of woven fabrics as well as an increase in the production of raw materials such as cotton, which led to the availability of inexpensive and affordable clothing (Beniger, 1986). The expansion of factories meant that a larger workforce was needed in order to meet industry demands. Employment opportunities were suddenly vast, permitting some of the less privileged classes in society to have a chance of being recruited and earn a living. For instance, women became increasingly members of the workforce. Mary Wollstonecraft had demanded that women be given the same education as men and the same opportunities for earning a living. That wish was to be granted, less by any agreed social policy than by the transformation of the social organization of industry and what we call it the industrial revolution (Evans, 2006:51). This made it even more possible due to the developments in medicine and in particular antiseptics which allowed women to survive an otherwise excruciating child labour Medical science gave to women the increased likelihood of surviving (Evans, 2006:68). Child birth was thereafter no longer regarded as an obstacle to a womans aspirations in being par t of the workforce. The developments made in the field of medicine also lowered prices, making essential medication accessible to the lower and middle classes of society. This coupled with the need to increase the workforce in order to meet the industrys demands led to women having a much stronger presence in the workforce. Although under-paid, this may have been the first step in the long battle for gender equality. Although inequality is still to a certain extent evident today, women have a nevertheless strong and influential role in todays society. Furthermore, corporations expanded creating a division between those who worked for the companies and those who managed it and owned the factories.   The rise of these large companies is what really advanced the wage labor-based capitalist system which created markets where buyers and sellers of goods and services agreed on a price. Then came the businesses that follow their own self by challenging for the consumers money. Each business tried to do better by producing goods or services that are better and less costly than those of its competitors (Evans, 2006). Today the existence of competition laws around the world and particularly within the EU as set out by the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU is essential and necessary to promote healthy competition between companies so as to provide consumers with various products and choices at competitive prices as well as preventing and deterring companies from abusing or colluding with its competitors (Bellamy and child, 2008). The rap id increase of corporations and capitalism quickly led to world trade and changes in transportation and communication such as the shipping of goods by sea and advanced and more liable modes of communication. The success and growth of the industrial revolution rested on the capability to transport goods and materials over long distances. Therefore, the use of traditional carriers such as horse carriages quickly proved ineffective and costly (Stern, David I; Kander, Astrid, 2012:128). Consequently, such modes of transport became practically redundant calling for the need to invent and create faster and more efficient means of transport. This spurred about new modes of transport seen to this day such as waterways, roads and railroads. Suddenly, there was a massive rise in the scale of road transport (Wrigley, 2010:31). The industrial revolution used electricity to power machines, the improvement of electricity established light and sources for the people and communications improved as a result of electricity. The telephone and telegraph were invented and were the principal communicational strategies that were for community use. With the growth of technology, radio waves were revealed. Curre ntly, messages could be sent over long distances in almost no time. The industrial revolution did not only encourage invention but it also introduced improvements in social and government strategies. For instance, in England citizens were given a voice in government, by having an elected British Parliament. Furthermore, the government implemented laws and regulations to protect employees as well as illegalizing child labour. This led to the organization of labour and trade unions, and subsequently to the development of the concept of socialism. Socialists such as Robert Owen, became outspoken and wanted to construct a better life for all people by improving working conditions and fighting against the employment of children under eleven years of age. The socialistic campaigning of Robert Owens contributed to the decrease in work related crime and improvement in working conditions which reduced the levels of disease and hence improved peoples lives (Owen, 1817). The effects of the industrial revolution are therefore immense and long-lasting which have shaped our modern society and improved our lives in many ways. However, along with the many improvements of the industrial revolution, the side-effects of industrialization are also evident today. With energy playing a vital role in powering the industrial revolution the end-result has been the inevitable consequence of pollution bringing about the start and conception of global warming due to carbon emissions, which is more evident today than ever. Prior to the industrial revolution the earths atmosphere had a balanced amount of carbon dioxide compared to today. However, in todays growing economy the burning of fossil fuels for the provision of energy has been deemed necessary, making a change to the atmosphere inevitable. Global warming is increasingly becoming a global issue with its effects becoming more visible today than it was fifty years ago. This is seen in the increase of natural disa sters and extreme weather conditions all stemming from climate change induced by global warming. Due to the need for mass-production coupled with the increase in population, agricultural methods have been transformed with the introduction of pesticides, insecticides and other chemicals posing potential threats to health and well-being. New agriculture methods also increased soil degeneration as well as destroying animal habitats to make room for more agricultural land (Orgcle Think Quest, 1999). However, the most prolific evidence of the Industrial Revolutions impact on the modern world is seen in the global growth in population during the twentieth century. The world population would take on exponential proportions, growing to six billion people just before the start of the twenty- first century which is a four hundred percent population increase in a single century. It has been two hundred and fifty years since the start of the industrial revolution and the world has seen the popu lation increase by six billion people (Ecology, 2011). This population growth has led to poverty, increased levels of air pollution, limited housing due to densely populated areas and limited food supplies. One can easily recognize the negative aspects of the revolution but if we view the revolution as a whole we will see that the positive aspects entirely outweigh the negative aspects. The industrial revolution brought about low-priced goods, an improvement in transportation, medical science, and communication, thus it can be seen that the industrial revolution has been a huge force in improving standards of living for working class. It provided an enormous number of jobs and gave an opportunity for women to work. Moreover, it has led to several significant changes in government bringing about the rise of communism, socialism, labour unions and government regulations. Sacrifices were made which led to technological developments, which in return shaped happiness, life openings and a complete and definite improvement of life. The industrial revolution formed modern society to what is today. As Rousseau accurately observed, Civilization spoils people (Rousseau, 1770)

Running :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this study, I investigate the affects that running has on reducing the risk of some health problems. I am doing this because I run about 40 to 60 miles per week, and my family has a history of health problems. For instance, my grandfather suffered a heart attack, and he also had cancer when he was about the age of 50. Furthermore, my grandfather, on my dad’s side of the family, has also had triple bi-pass heart surgery from a heart attack he has had recently.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Here, I present information from some sources that talk about the affects that running has on reducing health risks. My sources agree that running, and some other aerobic exercises, reduce the risk of: Diabetes, diverticular disease, heart decease, several types of cancer, and even common sicknesses like a cold.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One source agrees that running reduces the risk of diabetes. Jim Harmon writes, in Sports Illustrated, about Bruce Leonard, a marathoner with a masters degree in public health. Bruce Leonard went to study the Zuni Indian tribe. This tribe has had a bad history of diabetes until they started to run. Leonard said, After the Zuni tribe started running, â€Å"many Zuni were able to reduce or eliminate their diabetes medication.†(5)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My research also reveled that diverticular disease can be reduced in men that run. For instance, Marty Munson and Teresa Yeykal writes in the article â€Å"Outrun trouble† which says, â€Å"guys who racked up the most ours doing vigorous exercise reduced their risks of diverticular decease by a third.†(38) They also say â€Å"it’s good advice to make your lifestyle to consume high fiber.†(38) I found that running can also reduce the risk of heart disease. The article â€Å"Run for your life† talks about Mitchell H. Whaley, the director of adult physical fitness program at Ball State University. He analyzed data collected from a group of men, which included runners. Mitchell Whaley found that â€Å"individuals with low aerobic capacity have a higher risk of developing premature coronary artery decease that those who were more fit.†(47) The article also talks about Martha L. Slattery, Ph.D., from the University of Utah Medical School. Maria Slattery also found that running is a good preventive measure for heart disease. She says, â€Å"The greatest increase in protection was between those men who were sedentary and those who had some activity.†(48)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another source I found says that running can help prevent many types of cancer. In the article â€Å"Running for your life†, Doctor Leonard Cohen talks about how running helps reduce colon,

Marxist Criticism Essay -- Karl Marx Marxism Essays

Marxist Criticism Introduction Marxist literary criticism is based upon the political and economic theories of the German philosopher Karl Marx. In works like The German Ideology and The Communist Manifesto, written with Frederick Engels , Marx proposes a model of history in which economic and political conditions determine social conditions. Marx and Engels were responding to social hardships stemming from the rise of capitalism. Appropriately, their theories are formulated specifically to analyze how society functions in a state of upheaval and constant change. A materialist view of history Using Hegel's theory of dialectic , which suggests that history progresses through the resolution of contradictions within a particular aspect of reality, Marx and Engels posit a materialist account of history that focuses upon the struggles and tensions within society. As society forms more complex modes of production, it becomes increasingly stratified; and the resulting tensions necessitate changes in society. For example, the introduction of heavy machinery into the feudal economic system fragmented existing social structures and necessitated a move towards capitalism. The base and superstructure model Within Marx's dialectical account of history is the idea that a given individual's social being is determined by larger political and economic forces. Marx writes that "it is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines consciousness." Simply stated, the social class into which a person is born determines her outlook and viewpoints. Marx then expands this concept of determination into one of the central concepts of Marxism--that of base and sup... ...with theories that focus upon how literature functions within social, political, and economic structures, than it does with theories that focus only upon the text. Marxist criticism has had an enormous influence on feminism , new historicism , and most recently, cultural studies . As a system that looks for causes beneath the surface of society, Marxist criticism has much in common with psychoanalytic criticism . In fact, it is possible to make a rough comparison between the Marxist model of base and superstructure and the Freudian model of unconscious and conscious. Works Cited Eagleton, Terry. Marxism and Literary Criticism. London: Metheun Books, 1976. Selden, Ramden. A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1985. Williams, Raymond. Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.

The Signal-Man By Charles Dickens :: Charles Dickens Signal man Essays

The Signal-Man By Charles Dickens Dickens gives a description of the railway cutting with intricate detail and encompasses it with a cloud of gloomy and a depressive mood. He associates places and objects with certain impressions which produce this large image of negative and horrifying vibes and feelings. When the narrating character has the first acquaintance of the railway cutting and signalman's box, Dickens bombards you with adjectives and depictions of a morbid and 'depressing' atmosphere. He called it a 'dungeon' which implies a sense of torture and a ghastly horrid nature. The very description of the signalman's box creates a feeling of suffocation and being trapped. 'On either side, a dripping wet wall of jagged stone, excluding all but a strip of sky; the perspective one way was only a crooked prolongation of this great dungeon;' The emphasis on the gloominess and 'forbidding' 'deadly' environment conveys the relevance to the storyline of pre-cursor of death and constant haunting and reminder of danger. Dickens also seems to always entertain the possibility of a supernatural presence. For example, the narrator had felt the dread of a following train, and when the wind 'struck a chill' to him. This allows for an interpretation of the apparent interference of a ghost in the plot like an outer world inspiration. The story throughout contains the ingredients and factors that make up a horror story, for example the chill, cold, 'gloomy', dark and 'deadly' moods, and the returning haunting ghostly figure with its repeating gesture. This is great support for the plot and it sets style and mood and adds fear and tension. The vivid interpretation of the 'dungeon' conveys the great torment the signalman was feeling inside, and shows the possible physical factors which could have psychologically affected him. The frequent indication of the solitude of the signalman, in the depressive and 'unnatural' atmosphere is

Attitudes Toward Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate alteration ( Global Warming ) or upwind conditions change ( Climate Change ) is the planetary mean temperature addition of the consequence of planetary heating. Or at our well-known name in the Greenhouse Effect by planetary heating. Which is the cause of increased human emanations of C dioxide from firing assorted fuels, transit and industrial production. In add-on, we have added human group azotic oxide gas. Fluid and chloro Robert C ( CFC ) to besides at the same time. With our film editing and devastation of immense woods to make installations for work forces. Pull out the mechanism of C dioxide out of the clime system is to cut down efficiency. In most things. We have done the universe has come back to us in the mode of all the planetary heating phenomenon caused by planetary heating is the cause of assorted toxic emanations from mills. Sunlight penetrates the ambiance to the Earth even more. That is known by the call that Greenhouse conditions. For the universe ‘s atmosphere consists of nitrogen 78 % O 21 % Ar gas is 0.9 % out of steam. And a little sum of C dioxide. Although N, O and Ar are cardinal constituents of the ambiance. But it does non act upon planetary temperature. In contrast, larger gas molecules such as methane, H2O vapour and C dioxide in the ambiance, even a small. To hold the ability to absorb infrared radiation. And act uponing planetary temperature warm We call this the gas them. â€Å" Greenhouse gases † ( Greenhouse gas ) because the belongingss of heat keeping. Without nursery gases already. Earth ‘s surface temperature is merely -18 grades Celsius, which means that all H2O on Earth will go ice. Global warming consequence in higher planetary temperatures. In the last 10 old ages, The 2538 – 2549 as the hottest twelvemonth of all time recorded since 2539 and runing polar ice incident sea degree rise. Including terrible natural catastrophes from climate alteration events throughout the universe such as hurricanes typhoon mudslide drouth and implosion therapy across Asia and Central America. While Europe faced with the terrible heat moving ridge. This demonstrates the sensitive nature of the mechanism of the universe are numbering on the progressively violent state of affairs, planetary heating causes of clime variableness and seasonal rainfall Are impacting a?†ºaa? ° Taste of Thailand is no different from other states in the universe by detecting from a natural catastrophe that occurred in recent old ages, Thailand has the drouth storm and inundation impacts of planetary heating. The obvious short-run to Thailand has caused harm to many agricultural merchandises. The impact such. May impact the position of Thailand ‘s agricultural production is the top of the universe. Including trade publicity scheme Thai Kitchen to the kitchen universe, particularly Thailand ‘s cardinal harvests such as rice because of studies of International Rice Research Institute in China found that Higher temperatures in a rice pollen, which affects really sensitive to temperature non on the rice mixture. The spike in seedless From the study would impact the fabrication sector and export Thai rice in the hereafter If the clime more intense. The behaviour of human life is more comfy in all activities about day-to-day energy ingestion is related to about every human being is a portion in doing planetary heating. And causes planetary warming affect people really much. Therefore, it is the responsibility of every individual every unit every organisation must work together to cut down planetary heating that is go oning to our ain endurance. Rajamangala University of Technology as a aggregation and supply cognition and information society. Has of import functions. To assist cut down planetary heating in the direction of endeavor itself and the medium in the run to cut down planetary heating to those who are in all ages so everyone is cognizant of responsibility to assist. cut down planetary heating.1.2 Statement of the job.1. Most pupils used bike used autos than. 2. Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish. 3. Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most. 4. Students do non assist salvage energy.1.3 Research Aims1. Goal of cut downing planetary heating in order to develop consciousness of everyone to assist the run about things that do non impact the clime. 2. For seek the manner will to assist to conserve the energy and utilize the resource that exist are born uppermost advantage. 3. For grow the witting can give a individual realizes the consequence from planetary heating. 4. For fight give pupils turns to go to in the cooperation decreases planetary heating.1.4 Scope of researchThe research is studied about the Attitude toward planetary heating ; A run the pupils in RMUTT. The instance to the job is every bit follow: To analyze the job of the most pupils used bike than used autos in RMUTT. To work out the job of the pupils do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish at RMUTT. To analyze the job of Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most at RMUTT. To work out the job of Students do non assist salvage energy at RMUTT.1.5 Restrictions of the ResearchIn research, we may hold jobs that can non be controlled, such as non understanding the inquiry. A inquiry non to collaborate or non. Different attitudes of the Gulf population study such as the apprehension of planetary heating.1.6 Significance of the StudyBenefits of the survey the causes and jobs of planetary heating to cognize that the act should be how avoid extra jobs. We can happen a manner to protect nature and assist the universe more rich people and animate beings have adequate nutrient and lodging demands.1.7 Definition of Footings1.Carbon dioxide ( chemical expression CO2 ) is a chemical compound composed of two O atoms covalently bonded to a individual C atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and force per unit area and exists in Earth ‘s ambiance in this province. CO2 is a hint gas consisting 0.039 % of the ambiance. Carbon dioxide will retain some heat in the universe. Not reflect back into the ambiance, There is no atmosphere filtered energy from the Sun ) is doing the universe warm. 2.Methane is a comparatively powerful nursery gas. Compared with C dioxide, it has a high planetary warming potency of 72 Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical expression CH4. It is the simplest methane series, and the chief constituent of natural gas. Methane ‘s bond angles are 109.5 grades. Burning methane in the presence of O green goodss C dioxide and H2O. The comparative copiousness of methane makes it an attractive fuel. However, because it is a gas at normal temperature and force per unit area, methane is hard to transport from its beginning. methane will retain some heat in the universe. Not reflect back into the ambiance, otherwise the universe will all go like the Moon. The cold at dark ( and daytime heat. There is no atmosphere filtered energy from the Sun ) is doing the universe warm to this Similar to the rules of the nursery ( where the harvests ) is called the nursery. 3. Gas azotic oxide ( N2O ) . Of human industry, such as azotic acid used in the production procedure, plastic, nylon industry, chemical industry, fuel combustion remains of workss and animate beings, fertiliser, and firing woods. Global warming ensuing in 6 % 4. Gas incorporating chloro Fluid Organic Carbon Road ( CFCS ) . Industries such as human. And equipment used in day-to-day life, such as froth, spray tins, infrigidation ; Refrigerator Air, the devastation ( and the gas is chemically good with the ozone in the atmospheric ozone decreased or defect in the ozone bed ) .Chapter 22.1 Definition and Features of the Independent VariableWe would cognize that planetary heating caused by nursery gases in the ambiance excessively. Greenhouse gases include C dioxide, an of import 1. Caused by the firing fuel to utilize. Peoples who own these gas emanations come out a batch of energy to be used. How much more we consume. The more nursery gases to come out more closely. If we consider the rate of energy ingestion during the past half-arrow be found consistent with the addition of C dioxide gas in the air every bit good. And non likely to worsen during the close hereafter. Phenomena that occurs is uninterrupted. In fact, the intervention procedure itself in the universe. If it is a status that occurs of course. The universe will return to equilibrium in a clip non long earlier. But because we worlds accelerate production of nursery gases out extra capacity. The universe to mend yourself to maintain up. The happening of rapid planetary heating and serious had happened. Decision is. Causes of planetary heating this is the adult male.2.2 Theories Related to the Independent Variable ( s )X 1. Most pupils used bike used autos than bikes.Used autos and trucks is one of the most environmentally destructive behaviour, and so it is that most of us combined besides cause air pollution, autos and trucks are doing H2O pollution. ( Due to production and gasolene ) and they want the route harm to natural landscape and wildlife. Fortunately, the transit options including walking, bike and vehicle for, an option that works for pupils, UVM possible, but fortuitously du e to web major prosaic paths bicycle friendly rather get around Burlington is non fossil fuel ingestion or bring forth pollution. However, many of UVM is the figure of autos and SUVs when the pupil must be certain beyond walking will hold the option drive Chittenden County Transportation Authority ( CCTA ) Car-free! It besides can be used skateboard, bike, skates roller, monocycle, or places with constitutional heelwheels, wheeling around the metropolis and the university is an option that works non merely you did non lend to pollution in the air you get in form The best and reasonably cool to see the walk / run / skip / sashaying means to have a good unit of ammunition.X 2. Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish.Waste direction systems affect the environment and techniques in several ways. To cut down environmental impact and intervention of biological resources and keep environmental betterment and sustainability benefits originating from alterations in waste direction for environmental benefits compared to fire with no cost increase Very utile, particularly in the environmental impact. In waste separation will ensue in cut downing the happening of planetary heating, excessively. This will ensue in society and the state has to populate with rich resources, which the campus can supply pupils with separate waste before go forthing and to be easy to divide or convey back to new Would be good to the pollution around the university besides reviewing.X 3. Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most.The research in Australian survey presents the findings of a life-cycle appraisal ( LCA ) that examined whether a re-use and recycle scheme for a plastic-based packaging that well reduces the measure of waste to landfill would besides cut down the overall environmental load. To relieve social concerns over the increased rate of resource ingestion and waste production, policy shapers have encouraged recycling a nd reuse schemes to cut down the demand for natural stuffs and diminish the measure of waste to landfill. Therefore, in the country around Rajamangala University of Technology pupils, eating house should collaborate Separate fictile waste from other waste. In order to be recycled or decently destroyed to salvage resources for the hereafter and besides assist to cut down planetary heating is another manner.X4. Students do non assist salvage energy.The research with instruction and an inducement, involvement, motivate and authorise college pupils to cut down resource usage in residence halls in USA. In a post-competition study, pupils reported that they would go on preservation patterns developed during the competition and that they would see web-based real-time informations even in the absence of competition. So in Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi should be motive college pupils to cut down resource usage in university for salvaging resource to utilize in the hereafter and it will besides assist cut down planetary heating.2.3 Critical Analysis / treatment of the Theories Related to the Independent VariableJames Hansen and other advocates of the theory that worlds are doing a unsafe alteration in the Earth ‘s clime base their belief on several sets of informations ( eg, temperatures, nursery gas degrees and climate phenomena ) . Ground-level temperature measurings show the Earth has warmed between 0.3 grades and 0.6 grades Celsius in the last century Atmospheric C dioxide ( CO 2 ) , a primary nursery gas, has increased by about 30 per centum in the last century and a half Using these facts to imitate atmospheric conditions in computerized clime theoretical accounts, some scientists infer that the Earth ‘s current heating is due to the addition in atmospheric CO 2 caused chiefly by the usage of fossil fuels ( oil, coal and gas ) . Harmonizing to the theoretical accounts, absent a crisp and immediate decrease in the degree of CO 2 emanations, the Earth will warm a farther 0.8 grades to 3.5 grades Celsius over the following 100 old ages. Advocates of the theoretical accounts argue the Earth ‘s heating will do such catastrophes as lifting ocean degrees from runing polar ice caps, increased hurricane activity and terrible drouths. Global warming theory remainders on three basiss: clime theoretical accounts, scientific analyses of past and present clime informations and tendencies, and the averment that increases in nursery gases drive up planetary temperatures. This is James Hansen ‘s theory that we use to cite what we are about to larn about planetary heating.2.4 Discussion of the Dependent Variable1. First, In 1989, End of Nature warned about the oncoming of planetary warming Rereading it now seems more watchful to the background illustration of the text which we live big. But possibly he might undervaluing. Obstruction of the big and the economic benefits that survival depends on our failure to admit our relationship with nature changed radically faster large planetary heating. Changes threaten to rule our civilisation. Sea is swelling with heat and will go on to increase at least a century. Confirmed and expanded. What I heard last twelvemonth James Hansen parliamentary commission warned that clime a lteration is at manus. Following, Nipponese bike industry, energy aid plan the first paradigm pedal. Hybrid electric motorcycle in 1993 after several old ages of design item will be developed in assorted signifiers of electrical energy rhythm. Electric Bicycle cut down dependance on foreign oil and pollution of the economic potency of solar power. While, Decrease in heat conveyance in horizontal appropriate extratropics is surprising to happen decreased public presentation in the heat conveyance extratropical. Found merely in the appropriate response to climate balance estimation for the 2nd response times of ocean CO2 and non in the state of affairs of clime alteration temporarily All the replies are the consequence of the strong addition in low vapour tropospheric. For illustration, One of the biggest wrongdoers in contending planetary heating is a dodo of the metropolis so much nursery gas emanations over some metropolis guide to new engineerings, while some ideal modern reading of the yesteryear. What this metropolis has set ends for their ain rules of what they do will be reviewed in the class of this paper is the ideal of sustainable metropoliss. The aim of this research is to better define rules of healthy metropoliss and metropoliss in footings of lodging and urban environment at the centre of activity and lifestyle alterations. From the design of substructure design, edifice and conveyance industries have a batch to be done to do the metropolis a good tantrum with the sustainability. Addition, The latest scientific information confirm that planetary clime is altering quickly. Global temperatures increased by about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the last century and make be given to turn more quickly in the past decennary in the 2001 study IPCC, clime alteration scenarios predicted under different CO2. Under planetary heating, such as ecosystems may react otherwise in the hereafter, but hard to foretell alterations in more complex because future clime alterati on depends on the degree of exchange of land atmosphere ocean and atmosphere C flux. These state of affairss can be changed by the exchange of thoughts between ecosystems and clime under planetary heating in the hereafter. Consequently, Global clime alteration is altering ecology of infective substances and driving the disease in worlds and wildlife, the effects of rate of development of clime parts are vulnerable to climate alteration and whether this tendency. expected to go on to run the basic apprehension and reacting to climate alteration in other countries – parasite system in the Arctic and around the universe. Therefore, Analysis of economic system to the terminal of the involvement of society to make a profile of a shared vision of sustainability and supply visibleness for Development conference that the audit resources required to accomplish the vision and measure the suitableness of market mechanisms in the allotment of resources necessary to stop the demand. Howev er, There are many ways that others might be encouraged to go forth their autos at place and travel by bike to a local inducements for investing in banking, which allows others bikes around the country on two wheels without. Some of the motorcycle test motorcycle from the Bank is non success at all. But in recent old ages the system. Much better motorcycle and is rather successful and was impressed both with Infrastructure and how it works. In about every metropolis street corner with serried Top of bright ruddy motorcycle for general usage bikes to take one of these up at any motorcycle station and left. And other costs low is to allow by Rural people have been adapted to many friends around the level broad avenues and many now use particular prosaic and bike centre of Lyon has been changed by this enterprise and it is cleaner and longer.Meanwhile, Using bike safety and behaviour in Paris, Boston, and Amsterdam bikes and rider population apprehension of bike safety and behaviour. Y ou notice in the helmets and utilizing visible radiations at dark, planning, transit and security experts can larn about advancing cycling and making safe bicyclefriendly environment.. Last, Daily motion of people go to university in the auto combustion fuel is one of the largest impact of instruction is one of the most environmentally destructive behaviour, and so it is that most of our things. following add-on. To do air pollution, autos and trucks are doing pollution, so we should work together helps cut down air pollution, whether as a skateboard, bike, skates roller, monocycle, or places with constitutional heelwheels, wheeling. around the metropolis and the university is an option that works non merely you did non lend to pollution in the air you get in form good and can be reasonably cool walk / tally / skip / sidling besides means the good of the ain to assist protect the environment. 2. First, To see environmental impacts that may happen ( PEI ) of the chemical procedure to supply a method of chemical waste separation procedure is environmentally friendly design. These indices compare the features used in the design procedure stairss to cut down environmental impacts for inside informations about these types of measuring to be known or presented. Case survey illustrations will supply illustrations of the aims of the algorithms used within the waste separation of design and simulation. Following to, Greenhouse impacts of alternate municipal waste direction ironss are assessed. The considered option ironss consisted of landfilling, landfill gas recovery and flaring or energy production, biological intervention and incineration of wastes. The most favorable options to restrict the nursery impact due to blow direction are those that minimize the methane emanations to the ambiance. For illustration, Waste separation in Hat Yai in southern Thailand The development of e nvironmental and public cooperation in the production and take part in the sorting of waste has been proven to be the biggest factor. If successful waste separation at beginning, the metropolis had an thought to plan and develop better. Addition, This article summarized the importance of recycling waste plastics and waste plastics. Separation based on analysis of physical and chemical belongingss of plastics. Plastic waste, the possible and restrictions of procedure engineering, many treatments. Besides check the surface chemical science of floatation of plastics, it can offer. Concluded that plastics floatation is a technique that is rather flexible and can be proved. Process utile for dividing a mixture of different types of plastic. Consequently, Waste direction systems affect the environment and to cut down environmental impacts, including increased agricultural usage. Use of resources and non merely the consequence of alterations in therapy. But most are. The consequence of alt erations in environing systems. ( Energy and agribusiness ) ensuing from alterations in waste direction for substance flow analysis system. Different intervention of the waste analysis: thermic burn. Sub-fermentation and recovery. anaerobiotic effluent intervention. Therefore, Material recycling has been analysing the impact of planetary heating are certain to happen what extent Will be ranked between recycling and landfilling firing stuff made from identified resources that are frequently used. But ne'er the less energy intensive and less planetary warming impact than the pure beginning. Ranking between recycling and firing paper is sensitive to the quality of the paper, such as power beginnings to avoid combustion and energy factory. However, The building industry is the major solid waste generator in Hong Kong. In add-on, the positions of the edifice industry participants were besides obtained through a questionnaire study to give a better apprehension of their attitude on on-sit e waste screening. The consequences indicate that the edifice building participants are loath to transport out on-site waste sorting. Even when high a tipping fee is imposed, they have small incentive to execute on-site waste screening which is considered to be clip and labour demanding. While, Pay the national jurisprudence in Thailand in 2000, endorsed the rules of † recycling † before go forthing and clearly defined agitation as an option for the intervention of organic waste. It besides recommended the demand for a separate waste intervention and most events whirling out of storage to cut down the loss to the community oven service country. Ability to open and deconcentrate intervention program based on agitation of municipal country sufficient And keep the natural balance and prevent planetary heating. Meanwhile, Greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emanation decrease is an interesting manner to assist maintain H2O clean engineering and waste separation will assist cut down pollu tion by utilizing the approved United Nations Therefore, the decrease of nursery gas emanations. And credits can assist countervail dearly-won than incorporating aerophilic production environment clean and acceptable. Superior technologies replace current anaerobiotic lagunas in the United States. Last, Avoid the consequence of intervention of waste disposal in landfill gas to the debasement of micro-organisms. Seriously see the current environment and installations at bing and new Besides possible wellness jeopardies, these concerns include but are non limited, to divide waste affect air pollution, planetary heating. 3. Climate alteration is predicted to be most terrible parts and there has been much involvement in to what extent beings can get by with these alterations through phenotypic malleability or microevolutionary procedures. However The consequence of planetary warming depends on the complex interaction between the human host population and the causative infective agent. public wellness substructure, go forthing worlds ill prepared for unexpected epidemics. Global heating will surely impact the copiousness and distribution of disease vectors. So Recycling of waste stuffs has been analysed from a life rhythm position in a figure of surveies over the past 10-15 old ages. Publications comparing the planetary heating impact and entire energy usage of recycling versus incineration and landfilling were reviewed in order to happen out to what extent The ranking between recycling and incineration of paper is sensitive to for case paper quality, energy beginning avoided by incineration, and energ y beginning at the factory. Following Recent planetary warming threatens many species and has already caused population- and species-level extinctions. In peculiar, high hazards of extinction are expected for stray populations of species with low dispersion abilities the ultimate driver of a species response to climate alteration, have been most frequently neglected. Including the hurtful effects of fictile dust on the marine environment were reviewed A big figure of marine species is known to be harmed and/or killed by fictile dust, which could endanger their endurance, particularly since many are already endangered by other signifiers of anthropogenetic activities. Of research in Australian survey presents the findings of a life-cycle appraisal ( LCA ) that examined whether a re-use and recycle scheme for a plastic-based packaging that well reduces the measure of waste to landfill would besides cut down the overall environmental load. To relieve social concerns over the increased rate of resource ingestion and waste production, policy shapers have encouraged recycling and reuse schemes to cut down the demand for natural stuffs and diminish the measure of waste to landfill. And this survey reviews different attacks to the political and economic control of planetary public goods like planetary heating. It compares quantity-oriented control mechanisms like the Kyoto Protocol with price-type control mechanisms such as internationally harmonized C revenue enhancements. By so the rapid and widespread outgrowth of an anti-plastic shopping bag norm and associated regulative policies around the universe in recent old ages forces are believing of current apprehensions of norm kineticss and policy execution. Drumhead planetary heating will do alterations in the epidemiology of infective diseases. The ability of world to respond or accommodate is dependent upon the magnitude and velocity of the alteration. The result will besides depend on our ability to acknowledge epidemics early, to incorporate them efficaciously, to supply appropriate intervention, and to perpetrate resources to bar and research 4. ‘Global warming ‘ is a phrase that refers to the consequence on the clime of human ‘greenhouse gases ‘ of which the most of import is carbon dioxide. Such gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the Earth ‘s surface and act as covers over the surface maintaining it warmer. If the clime warms in the hereafter, will at that place be an intensification of the H2O rhythm and, if so, the nature of that intensification? Intensification of the H2O rhythm may take to alterations in water-resource handiness, an addition in the frequence and strength of tropical storms, inundations, and drouths, and an elaboration of warming through the H2O vapour feedback. No affair how H2O vapour is the dominant nursery gas, the most of import gaseous beginning of infrared opacity in the ambiance. As the concentrations of other nursery gases, peculiarly C dioxide, addition because of human activity, it is centrally of import to foretell how the H2O vapour distribution will be affected. To the extent that H2O vapour concentrations addition in a warmer universe, the climatic effects of the other nursery gases will be amplified. So the same decision applies for PFC ( PFCs ) , though they are less normally used as refrigerants. Integrated appraisal of ozone depletion, planetary heating, and atmospheric life-time provides indispensable indicants in the absence of ideal refrigerants, viz. those free of these jobs every bit good as safety, stableness, compatibility, cost, and similar loads. Because of the heat-island effects, a rise in temperature can hold important impacts. Urban trees and high-albedo surfaces can countervail or change by reversal the heat-island consequence. Extenuation of urban heat islands can potentially cut down national energy usage in air conditioning by 20 % and salvage over $ 10B per twelvemonth in energy usage. So that the primary chances in changing zone setpoints in an optimum manner are associated with switching chilling tonss from daylight to nighttime to ( 1 ) cut down peak electrical demands, ( 2 ) take advantage of low nighttime electrical rates, ( 3 ) countervail mechanical chilling with â€Å" free † chilling at dark, and ( 4 ) enhance equipment operation at more favourable part-load conditions. However, the cost nest eggs depend strongly on several factors including 1 ) public-service corporation rate construction, 2 ) part-load features of the chilling works and air managing system, 3 ) weather,4 ) the tenancy agenda, and 5 ) edifice thermic electrical capacity. And cut-off of the anthropogenetic heat from air-conditioning installations could bring forth a.cooling energy salvaging up to 6 % with the out-of-door air-temperature lessening by more than 1oC.So the cost effectivity of different illuming engineering options was besides calculated. Electricity engineering option is cost effectual in two out of the five room classs that were examined. The cost effectual installing of energy effici ent illuming engineerings at Melbourne University are identified: ( a ) low illuming system operating hours, ( B ) the low cost of electricity and ( degree Celsius ) the high cost of energy efficient illuming components.In add-on Urban shadiness trees offer important benefits in cut downing constructing air-conditioning demand and up urban air quality by cut downing smog. The nest eggs associated with these benefits vary by clime part and can be up to $ 200 per tree. More of all time the research provide grounds that real-time resource feedback systems, when combined with instruction and an inducement, involvement, motivate and authorise college pupils to cut down resource usage in residence halls.2.5 Relationship of the Independent Variable ( s ) to the Dependent Variable1. Most pupils used bike used autos than.In Case survey about the most pupils used bike, autos than bikes. Global warming due to pupils in most universities are likely to impact a hereafter trip by auto and the bik e is one of the most environmentally destructive behaviour and that of class it is largely In add-on, our combined air pollution in the behaviour that causes planetary heating is an of import issue to cut down the usage of auto sharing. Motorcycle to cut down air pollution.We should work together helps cut down air pollution, whether as a motorcycle skateboard, skates roller, monocycle, or places with constitutional heelwheels, wheeling around the metropolis and the university is non merely the options that work. But you do non lend to aerate pollution that you are in good form and reasonably cool to walk / tally / skip / sashaying means to break their ain to assist protect the environment.2. Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish.In the instance survey of causes and effects that cause planetary warming portion of the causes and impacts from landfills awkward Garbage disposal methods are non. Or waste incorporating toxic substances into the river The consequence will do as many jobs such as Tibial the H2O soluble portion of F mutual opposition impulse as a consequence of that we do non cognize how to divide the waste right. Therefore, all pupils or people should be educated. Learn how to divide refuse decently to avoid impact of planetary heating and incineration the best option to restrict the impact of nursery because waste direction is the people who cut down their emanations of methane in the ambiance. Therefore, waste direction systems affect the environment and to cut down environmental impacts, including addition of agricultural waste direction systems affect the environment and many techniques. To cut down environmental impacts and keep biological resources and bettering environmental sustainability and the benefits originating from alterations in waste direction for environmental benefits compared to the combustion does non be more utile, particularly the. environmental impact. To separate waste will cut down the happening of planetary warming excessively This will enable the society and the state is with a assortment of resources to university pupils to divide waste before go forthing and will be easy to divide or convey back a new unit of ammunition will profit university pollution besides reviewing.3. Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most.Case survey jobs that most normally used plastic froth is most. The consequence of planetary warming depends on the complex interaction between the human host population and the causative infective agent. public wellness substructure, go forthing worlds ill prepared for unexpected epidemics. Global heating will surely impact the copiousness and distribution of disease vectors. In the country around Rajamangala University of Technology in stores, eating houses must utilize plastic or foam every twenty-four hours. This will non avoid the impracticable Therefore, the separation between Phe fictile waste from other waste is the b est option. In order to be recycled or decently destroyed to salvage resources for future If you cut down the usage of plastic bags will assist cut down planetary heating because it does non happen once more in the combustion or recycling. Surveies in Australia offer the Life Cycle Assessment ( LCA ) to guarantee that the reuse and recycling schemes for the plastic packaging used to much lower sum of waste landfill will cut down the environment as a whole. To relieve the concerns of society over the rate of addition. Resource usage and production of waste policy Manufacturers support the recycling and reuse schemes. To cut down demand for natural stuffs to cut down landfill waste. If the university is re-use and recycling can be decently destroyed to salvage resources for the hereafter and besides assist to cut down planetary heating is another manner.4. Students do non assist salvage energy.In instance survey about Students do non care about salvaging energy. ‘Global warming ‘ is a phrase that refers to the consequence on the clime of human ‘greenhouse gases ‘ of which the most of import is carbon dioxide. Such gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the Earth ‘s surface and act as covers over the surface maintaining it warmer. In university, all the edifice utilizing a air conditioner every twenty-four hours. The C dioxide released from air conditioner another account is that cause planetary heating. If pupils do non wish to assist salvage energy, such as opening the appropriate temperature in air conditioning or running H2O expensively. It will do more planetary heating. From the research about motive and authorise college pupils to cut down resource usage in residence halls in USA residence halls that received high declaration feedback were more effectual at preservation, cut downing their electricity ingestion by 55 per centum compared to 31 per centum for low declaration residence halls. If the University adopted induceme nt to salvage resources, cut down resource usage and H2O and electricity on campus. Students will concentrate on salvaging more resources and besides cut down planetary heating every bit good.2.6 Previous SurveiesBy the survey and to supervise alterations on the work of the solar panel. By put ining the solar panel on a panel of 180 324 square metres from the start in 2532 until the present. Found that the solar panel. Have limited utile life that is merely seven old ages to better. The Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency ( DEDE ) to one confer withing disposal and installing of an appropriate circuit more efficient. That resulted in the hot H2O on a regular footing in an sum of 10 thousand litres can be about hundred thousand ticals per twelvemonth within three old ages to pay investing direction entire U.S. $ 2,260,000 Dusit Island Resort, said. Not merely a instance survey of the Dusit Island Resort Dusit Thani Pattaya is merely a 1 in a hotel is concerned about energy efficiency. The Hotel has initiated energy preservation undertakings for over 15 old ages. A A A A A A A A A A Chatchawal Chayanon General Supachai. Dusit Thani Pattaya Dusit Thani Pattaya, said that the activities of assorted energy salvaging methods such as a ) From the energy preservation direction. By turning off the power without the check-in 2 ) alteration a light bulb to salvage energy and Hotel 3 ) be aftering a run to appreciate the value of H2O for more than 10 old ages by puting a effluent intervention pool. To utilize renewable energy You can convey H2O from the H2O and effluent intervention workss. To cut down H2O supply 4 ) is cut down waste. Reduce emanations. Atmosphere. And fresh air within the hotel 5 ) activity in the aftermath of corporate scruples. And guests both Thai and aliens. To appreciate the value of energy Through assorted activities. Held at the hotel 6 ) The country of design parts. The usage of the limited energy-efficient. Hotel Energy Conservation as illustrations.Chapter 3Research ModelsResearch HypothesissHo 1 – There is no relati onship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Most pupils used bike, autos than bikes. Ha 1 – There is relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Most pupils used bike, autos than bikes. Ho 2 – There is no relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish. Ha 2 – There is relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish. Ho 3 – There is no relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most. Ha 3 – There is relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most. Ho 4 – There is no relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Students do non assist salvage energy. Ha 4 – There is relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Students do non assist salvage energy.3.4 Operationalization of the Independent and Dependent VariablesConceptOperationalizationQuestionHo1: Most pupils used bike, autos than bikes. Be fast. Be convenient. Are the bike and autos excessively fast than bikes? Are the bike and autos it easy to utilize than bikes? Ho2: Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish. They are lazy. They are n't duty. Are the pupils in RMUTT non to collaborate? Are the pupils in RMUTT thinks it non of import? Ho3: Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most. It easy to happen. Be careful non to fall interruption. Are the pupils in RMUTT and stores thinks it easy to utilize? Are the pupils in RMUTT and stores used to be go forthing it? Ho4: Students do non assist salvage energy. Bad wonts. Not acknowledge the value of energy. Are the energyenough for the pupils in RMUTT? Are the pupils in RMUTT energy usage wasteful?Chapter 4Research MethodologyMethods of Research UsedCase Study ( CS )A instance survey utilizing the Attitude toword planetary heating compain the pupils in RMUTT which describe the jobs of the Attitude toword planetary heating compain the pupils in RMUTT as follow ; 1. Most pupils used bike than used autos. 2. Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish. 3. Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most. 4. Students do non assist salvage energy. A manner to happen replies to do a structured procedure of research from informations aggregation. Data analysis and presentation of stairss the sample, to make tools for research, how to roll up informations, analysis of informations, to reason.Respondent and Sampling ProceduresSampling in research on attitudes to cut down planetary heating run is a research pupil will execute specific group of pupils at Bangkok University undergraduate category direction squad in the 1-4 old ages age range 19-23 old ages. Number of respondents in the sample were approximately 300 samplesBunch SamplingRespondent and Sampling Procedures.Respondent and trying processs of Attitude toward planetary heating ; A run the pupils Rajamangala. Questionnaire in this survey was designed as 3 subdivisions by respondents enter your information in the designated infinites above. Section 1: Information about the respondents such as sex, age, Faculty, and twelvemonth of survey in Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi. Section 2: Questionnaire about attitudes about cut downing planetary heating in Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi such as basic cognition about the planetary heating job, the impact of planetary heating with the pupils. Section 3: Respondents give the suggestions. Please add any remarks.Collection of data/Gathering processsaˆ? The methods to roll up primary informationsThe primary information is collected by take them to the questionnaire to pupils in RMUTT about To assist cut down planetary heating. In the country around the university. When we know about his remarks. After that we took informations from to researchaˆ? The methods to roll up secondary informationsAfter we have collected primary informations about to assist cut down planetary heating. The secondary information is collected by making the information from the book, diary, thesis etc. from the library.Statistical Treatment of informationsThe statistics to utilize in the analysis information is Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS ) . One is really utile of the research because the plan is respect to use informations. The SPSS cipher the information really good that will acquire the right consequences.